Components of Blood
Blood is a liquid connective tissue that consists of cells surrounded by extracellular matrix. Blood is denser and more viscous than water. The temperature of blood is about 38 ˚C. Its pH is slightly alkaline, ranging from 7.35-7.45. Blood constitutes about 8% of the total body weight. The blood volume is 5 to 6 liters in an average-sizes adult male and 4 to 5 liters in an average-sized adult female. The difference in volume is due to differences in body sizes. Blood is about 45% formed elements and 55% blood plasma. Blood is a mixture of two components which are blood plasma and formed elements. Blood plasma is a liquid extracellular matrix that contains dissolved substances. Plasma is about 91.5% water, 7% proteins and 1.5% solutes other than proteins. The plasma protein, are albumins, globulins and fibrinogen which are synthesized mainly by the liver. The solutes dissolved in plasma include electrolytes, nutrients, gases, regulatory substances such as enzymes and hormones, vitamins and waste products. The formed elements of blood contain red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets.
Normally, more than 99% of the formed elements are cells named of their red color. Colorless white blood cells and platelets occupy less than 1% of the formed elements. Because they are less dense than red blood cell but more dense than blood plasma, they form a very thin buffy coat layer. RBCs carry oxygen from the lungs, the WBCs help to fight infection and platelets are parts of cells that the body uses for clotting. All blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.
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